Why won't men ever pick up after themselves?
Why should we? It doesn't really bother us that much. Besides, we know darn well you'll pick it up.
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What's with all the belching and farting?
This usually only occurs after months of courting. It's our way to let you know that we're comfortable with you. Believe it or not, it's actually a sign of affection. Besides, holding it for extended periods of time gives us stomach cramps.
Why won't men ever pick up after themselves?
Why should we? It doesn't really bother us that much. Besides, we know darn well you'll pick it up.
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What's with all the belching and farting?
This usually only occurs after months of courting. It's our way to let you know that we're comfortable with you. Believe it or not, it's actually a sign of affection. Besides, holding it for extended periods of time gives us stomach cramps.
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Why do men hate shopping?
It's an evolutionary thing. Men hunt. Women gather. We just want to go out, kill it, and bring it back. Who wants to spend hours and hours to look at things we have no intention of killing? err... Buying?
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Why can't men ever leave the toilet seat down?
Have you ever seen one of us pee? The proper position of the toilet seat is up. Mathematically speaking, the proper position of the toilet seat is a function of the time spent peeing over the time spent sitting. The closer that ratio approaches one, the truer the proposition. Besides, it's actually a courtesy that we lift the seat. Why would we care if we pee all over the seat. You're the ones that have to sit on it. You should appreciate the fact that we actually lift the darn thing. We aim to please.
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Why do men find blonde bimbos attractive?
Are you kidding? Even leaving the physical aside, blonde bimbos are generally much easier to get along (alone) with. They like having fun and doing exciting things. They don't walk around with the weight of the world on their shoulders. They don't ever give us a hard time for being a dumb male; and plus they laugh at most of our jokes (even the ones they don't get). What more could any of us males ask for?
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Why do men act like they own the remote control?
What do you mean act? We do; possession is nine tenth of the law. Besides, it is an awesome responsibility not to be entrusted to just anyone. I believe the only fair way to decide who gets the remote control is to arm wrestle for it.
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Why can't men stay on a single channel for more than two seconds?
Are you kidding? What if there is something good on the next channel? We could miss it if we stay on one channel for too long. (See also: Why do men fear commitment?)
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Why do men fear commitment?
Don't be so surprised. Yes; most of us do know what 'commitment' means and can spell it correctly. It's like an automobile. No matter how good you think this year's model is, they're always coming out with newer, faster, better, sleeker, and sexier models. We simply cannot be expected to purchase the first one we see. We must browse around a bit and test drive a few. Who wants to end up with a lemon? At least a car, there's a slight chance of it eventually becoming a classic. It simply makes much more sense to lease and upgrade to the younger... err... I mean newer models every couple of years. Some of them come with fun extras like dual air bags.
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What does it mean when men say, "I'm just not ready for a relationship right now" or "I don't want a girl friend?"
It means that we like you enough to sleep with you, but not enough so that we want to see you repeatedly.
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What does it mean when men say, "Can we just be friends?"
Generally, it means that the recipient of said comment is physically repulsive enough that no beer goggles may be thick enough to provide adequate protection.
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Do all men really masturbate?
Yes. It is genetically inherited behavior. It's been passed on from our most primal forefathers, and it'll be passed on to our sons.
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Why do men generally have greater upper body strength?
Several factors are at work, namely evolution, heredity, nutrition, and environment. (See also: Do all men really masturbate?)
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Why do men generally have better hand-eye or spatial coordinate motor coordination?
It is like with all things. Practice... Practice... Practice... (See also: Do all men really masturbate?)
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Why are men so obsessed with beautiful women?
As opposed to what? Really ugly women? Face it, if men were obsessed with ugly women, there would be just as much bitching about why men are so obsessed with ugly women. No matter how you set this up, some people are always going to be left out. I don't see anyone screaming about equal treatment for the stupid people either.
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Why do men like younger women?
Well, let's see. Besides the fact that they like older men, they're easily impressed. They're also perky, energetic, and come with very little baggage. And gravity has less prevail over their bodies.
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Why do men only have one thing on their minds?
While technically correct, this statement is not strictly true. We may only be able to entertain one idea at a time, but we do think of lots of other things besides sex, such as sports and beer. We also get hungry quite often.
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How can men possibly find that other woman attractive (i.e. whatever do you see in that fat pig)?
Even if you happen to be Cindy Crawford, once we get the idea that you are ours, other women suddenly become much more attractive and you lose a few attractiveness points. I'm a bit puzzled by this one myself. I think evolution is to blame. We men are just innocent bystanders in the war of the selfish genes. You should love us despite our inherent weakness.
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Why are men such dogs?
There is some compelling force in all Hackers that seems to draw them to their computers every day. Why they get up at 4am to
use the modem, and why they continue to rack up a truly incredible phone bill is beyond me.
Most computer areas, at your home or at your office, tend to be messy. Even you try to keep it clean, it is truly impossible.
Whether it be empty Coke cans laying all around, soldering devices, electric diodes, computer parts, or integrated circuits,
it is not only a pain for your mother to look at, but a prime Russian ICBM missile target as well.
There is much detail needed to explain a Hacker. For instance, instead of organizing his clothes by color, best ones, or
style, he organizes his by pile. Also, he likes to sing songs such as, "Let's get Digital", "We all live in a yellow
subroutine", and "Somewhere over the RAMbow".
Most Hackers do well in school. The reason is not to impress their teachers, not to get money from their parents, and not to
be educated, but they do it so they can hopefully get a scholarship to MIT. You can't blame them, though, if they are looking
out into space. It might be because they are worried if MCI traced the calls that they sent to NORAD.
All Hackers, big or small, love computers, whether they be Trash-80's or an IBM 360/VM workstation. When they get on one,
it's mighty hard to get them off of it.
There are 2 types of Hackers. One who likes to crash local BBS's, and the one who writes programs in Assembly Language. The
Hacker who crashes systems is the one that most people think that a Hacker is. A typical example of one is John Fredrickson
(A.K.A. "The Phone Man"). He loves to crash computers, and break into illegal systems. The ones that he has gotten in to are
MCI, CitiBank, school systems, IBM, Southern Bell, and Georgia Tech, not to mention all the ones in between.
The second type of Hacker is the programmer. He writes games, utilities, and anything else that he can think of. Take for
example, John Harris, a freelance software writer for On-Line Software Co. John had a brainstorm one day, and decided to
write Frogger for the Apple. He thought that it would take about 3 weeks to complete. He started on Frogger a week late,
because of the complicated music set that he had to write. After two months, he was almost done. He decided to take a break
and go to the Software Expo. He decided to take his nearly completed Frogger, and show it to the consumers at the show. He
also took with him the only back-up copy, in case the main disk did not boot.
While at the fair, he was talking to the Manager about getting a booth. He had his disks with him. Then, when he got a booth
reserved, he reached down to get his disks, and they were gone! All his hard work, including the MultiLevel character
generator, music lines, disk subroutines, assembly routines, debugging programs, etc. All gone.
After that tragedy, John was in a deep depression. He finally started working on it again in 3 months. He completed it in 4
months and 3 days.
Part Two:
Hackers always take time off. There is always one way to notice a true Hacker. At a party, the true Hacker is the one in the
corner talking about operating system security and how to get around it. At the beach, the True Hacker is the one drawing
flow charts in the sand. At a football game, the true Hacker is the one comparing the football plays against a simulation
printed on 11 by 14 fanfold paper.
Most Hackers work for the U.S. Government-- mainly the Department of Defense. You can see the best Hackers at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory in California.
What sort of environment does a Hacker function best in? No, not a heated room with a clean table and disks organized neatly,
but they do best in rooms that have line-printed Snoopy calendars from the year 1969. They do not know how to cook, so they
survive on Twinkies and coffee. Instead of wasting electricity for a heater, they spend it on air-conditioners to cool of
their computer system in mid-January when the temperatures are below freezing. They wear layers and layers of clothing to
keep the body heat in. When you see one of these people, instead of a Hacker coming into your mind, you think that he is
about to go on a Polar expedition somewhere in the North Pole.
Hackers also like to hang around arcades. (This is also true for kids, little old ladies, and fighter pilots.) There,
secluded in their
own environment, Hackers can talk freely on computer hints and short cuts while playing Pac-Man, or Joust.
All Hackers like Graphics. They like low-resolution, but prefer high-resolution the best. These graphics, such as Sine waves,
rotating 3-D boxes, and little balloons, are confined to the limits of a systems capability. The older more experienced
Hackers are the ones who are lucky enough to get to work on a VAX system, and maybe even a CRAY-1 SuperComputer. If they use
these, they have only the limits of their imagination to stop them.
Most Middle School Hackers between the ages of 10 through 14, like to use computers to do reports on, and play games. Some of
these younger generation Hackers have gotten into BASIC programming.
Some people, like to impress real Hackers by making them think that they know everything. There is a name for this kind of
person. He is a Sub-Hacker (Intillectuous dumbfoundeth). For instance, you come up to them one day, and say,"Hey so-and-so
what does BASIC stand for?" and you could sit there for days, and he would act like the answer was on the tip of his tongue,
when it was probably in his toes. It is people like this that give Hackers a bad name.
Part Three:
All Hackers have rules that they go by. One is to never call long distance on Monday, because of the high phone charge. If
builders built buildings they way programmers wrote programs, the first woodpecker that comes along would destroy
civilization. Another is, if the computer accepts a program on the first run without any errors, either there is a
malfunction, or it must be a dream.
Hackers are a unique breed. Combining intelligence, personality, and a morale sense of good taste. A Hacker enjoys the
environment that appeals to him the most. Such as, the computer room, the arcade, science lab, or the Atari downstairs. They
like to be alone. Secluded in their own thoughts, thinking of what the password could be to log on to General Electric.
Hackers are the people who are going to make our future brighter, and more exciting in the field of electronics, data
processing, artificial intelligence, and programming. We need to support these people in all the ways that we can, so we will
be insured of a more happier future in the world of technological advancements.
]]>bussola Nota disambigua - Se stai cercando altri significati di Chaplin, vedi Chaplin (disambigua).
« Mi dispiace, ma io non voglio fare l'imperatore, non è il mio mestiere, non voglio governare né conquistare nessuno, vorrei aiutare tutti se è possibile, ebrei, ariani, uomini neri e bianchi, tutti noi esseri umani dovremmo aiutarci sempre... »
(Discorso del barbiere ebreo/Chaplin ne Il grande dittatore (1940) )
Charlie Chaplin nei panni di "Charlot" (The Tramp) Statuetta dell'Oscar Oscar alla carriera 1929
Statuetta dell'Oscar Oscar alla carriera 1972
Statuetta dell'Oscar Oscar alla migliore colonna sonora 1973
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr. (Londra, 16 aprile 1889 – Corsier-sur-Vevey, 25 dicembre 1977) è stato un attore, regista e sceneggiatore britannico.
Sceneggiatore, compositore, produttore cinematografico di oltre novanta film, è stato uno dei più importanti registi della storia del cinema (in particolare dell'era del film muto) e probabilmente l'attore più famoso dagli albori del cinema hollywoodiano. In generale, può essere considerato uno dei più grandi artisti del ventesimo secolo.
Il personaggio attorno al quale costruì larga parte delle sue sceneggiature, e che gli dette fama universale, fu quello del "vagabondo" ("The Tramp" in inglese; "Charlot" in italiano, francese e spagnolo): un omino dalle raffinate maniere e la dignità di un gentiluomo, vestito di una stretta giacchetta, pantaloni e scarpe più grandi della sua misura, una bombetta e un bastone da passeggio in bamboo; tipici del personaggio erano anche i baffetti e l'andatura ondeggiante. L'emotività sentimentale e il malinconico disincanto di fronte alla spietatezza e alle ingiustizie della società moderna, fecero di Charlot l'emblema dell'alienazione umana, in particolare delle classi sociali più emarginate.
Indice
Biografia
L'infanzia e gli inizi
Charles Chaplin nacque in East Street, nel sobborgo londinese di Walworth, da Charles Chaplin Senior e Hannah Harriette Hill; il padre era un guitto di music hall con un debole per l'alcool, la madre una cantante. Il matrimonio finì quando Hannah fu scoperta a tradire suo marito con un altro cantante del Music Hall, Leo Dryden, che avrebbe portato alla nascita di Wheeler Dryden, fratellastro del quale Chaplin verrà a conoscenza solo molto più tardi. La separazione avvenne l'anno dopo la nascita di Charles. Il padre cercò di tenere con sé e con la sua convivente sia il piccolo Charles sia suo fratello Sidney, di quattro anni maggiore.
Il tentativo fallì e i due bambini andarono a vivere con la madre che riceveva dieci scellini la settimana per il mantenimento di entrambi. Per le precarie condizioni finanziarie della famiglia, Charles e il fratellastro Sidney trascorsero due anni fra collegi e istituti per orfani a Lambeth. Il padre morì quando Charlie aveva dodici anni e la madre, affetta da turbe mentali, venne ricoverata in un istituto presso Croydon dove morì nel 1928.
Le vicende dell'infanzia non impedirono al piccolo Chaplin di apprendere proprio dalla madre l'arte del canto e della recitazione. I primi passi sul palcoscenico li mosse assieme a lei già all'età di cinque anni. Nel 1896 durante una recita in un music hall Hannah fu sonoramente fischiata e costretta ad abbandonare il palcoscenico; a sostituirla venne mandato in scena il piccolo Charlie che ottenne un discreto successo cantando una canzone popolare dell'epoca. L'anno dopo, grazie alle conoscenze del padre, entrò a far parte di un corpo di ballo in zoccoli composto di otto bambini: gli Eight Lancashire Lads.
Nel 1900, all'età di undici anni, il fratello riuscì a fargli ottenere il ruolo comico di un gatto nella pantomima Cinderella, rappresentata all'ippodromo di Londra, nella quale recitava anche il famoso clown Marceline. Nello stesso anno Sidney si imbarcò come trombettiere, il peso della madre ricadde così sulle spalle del piccolo Charlie. Nonostante la buona volontà, la vita era estremamente dura, Hannah fu addirittura ricoverata in ospedale con una diagnosi di depressione causata dalla denutrizione.
Nel 1903 Charles ebbe una piccola parte in Jim, the Romance of a Cockayne grazie alla quale ottenne la sua prima recensione favorevole sulla carta stampata; di lì a poco il primo ruolo fisso in teatro: quello dello strillone Billy in Sherlock Holmes, portato a lungo in tournée. Intanto il fratello era tornato a Londra e aveva cominciato anche lui a lavorare in teatro. Grazie alla migliorata situazione finanziaria, i due riuscirono a far dimettere Hannah dall'ospedale, anche se poco tempo dopo una ricaduta ne determinò l'internamento definitivo.
Nel 1904 il quindicenne Charles fu tra i protagonisti della fortunata rappresentazione del Peter Pan di James Matthew Barrie.
Il varietà con Fred Karno
Fra il 1906 e il 1907 Chaplin lavorò ne Il Circus di Casey, misto di varietà e numeri circensi. L'esperienza gli permise di familiarizzare con il mondo del Circo e di entrare nella troupe di Fred Karno, anche grazie al fratello Sidney che già vi lavorava. La paga era di 3 sterline a settimana ed il debutto avvenne nel 1906 con L'incontro di calcio, in cui Charles interpretava la parte del cattivo che tenta di far ubriacare il portiere avversario.
Ben presto il giovane Chaplin divenne, insieme a Stanley Jefferson (meglio conosciuto come Stan Laurel) uno degli attori più apprezzati della compagnia.
Nel 1909 iniziarono le tournée all'estero: dapprima a Parigi e, due anni dopo, negli Stati Uniti. L'esperienza americana non fu particolarmente felice, ciò nonostante la compagnia ritornò oltreoceano anche l'anno successivo e questa volta le cose andarono diversamente: il successo è grande grazie anche al giovane Charles, ormai uno degli elementi di punta del gruppo.
Chaplin fu notato dal produttore Mack Sennett, che nel novembre 1913 lo mise sotto contratto per la casa cinematografica Keystone.
Le prime esperienze cinematografiche
Ebbe così iniziò la carriera di Charlie Chaplin, il Vagabondo che nell'arco di cinque anni conquistò un posto d'onore nella storia della cinematografia. A partire dal 1914, quando con la Keystone esordì nel mondo del cinema con il corto Making a Living, fino al 1919, anno nel quale fondò la United Artists Corporation, la notorietà di Chaplin non si arrestò mai.
Insieme alla Keystone, nel 1914, Chaplin recitò in trentacinque corti e, concluso il contratto (1915),in altri quattordici per la Essanay. Con cachet adeguati ad una popolarità sempre più grande, Chaplin approdò alla Mutual Films, firmando altri dodici corti.
Nel 1916 scritturò la diciannovenne Edna Purviance facendone la sua primadonna in ben 35 film fra il 1916 e il 1923. I due vissero anche un intenso e travagliato legame affettivo, che si mantenne in amicizia anche dopo la fine della passione (1918) e della carriera artistica di lei (accelerata dagli eccessi dell'alcool): Chaplin continuerà a corrispondere con Edna fino alla sua morte, oltre a passarle una paga salariale da attrice.
Con la Mutual Film realizzò dodici film nel periodo 1916-1917 (uno dei più felici della sua carriera). Chaplin, non ancora trentenne, recitò e diresse quasi cento corti nell'arco di cinque anni.
Nel 1918 decise di mettersi in proprio e passò alla First National, con cui fece dieci film (fino al 1923). Fu proprio la First National - grazie anche all'interessamento del fratello Sydney, ormai suo procuratore - a corrispondergli il favoloso ingaggio di un milione di dollari, cachet mai guadagnato prima da un attore.
Nel 1919 Charlie Chaplin insieme ad alcuni colleghi (fra cui Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks e David Wark Griffith) fondò la United Artists Corporation. Da allora in poi curerà da solo ogni fase della sua produzione cinematografica, attorniato da un gruppo di fedelissimi quanto preziosi e competenti collaboratori. Ad un periodo professionalmente felice non corrispose, però, una vita privata altrettanto serena, anzi il matrimonio forzato con la diciassettenne Mildred Harris gli procurò serie preoccupazioni e l'infelice nascita del primogenito gravemente malformato e sopravvissuto solo tre giorni, non contribuì certo a risollevare il rapporto.
I grandi successi
Il monello (1921)
Il monello (1921)
La consacrazione come star affermata avvenne nel 1921 quando diresse e interpretò Il monello, nel quale fece debuttare il piccolo-grande attore Jackie Coogan che conosceremo, molti anni più tardi, come lo "Zio Fester" della famosa serie di telefilm La Famiglia Addams.
Dal 1923 al 1952 Chaplin lavorò costantemente per la United Artists, e girò otto film, i più importanti della sua carriera. Il primo lavoro fu La donna di Parigi nel 1923, primo film nel quale non figurò come interprete (si ritagliò una piccola comparsa nel ruolo di facchino). Il film, se pur ampiamente apprezzato dalla critica, non ebbe il successo di pubblico sperato, ma i capolavori successivi lo proiettarono nel firmamento della cinematografia. La febbre dell'oro del 1925 è considerato per molti una delle sue opere meglio riuscite. La produzione del film successivo, Il Circo (1928) fu però travagliata a causa dei problemi sorti nella vita privata: proprio in quel periodo divorziò dalla ventenne Lita Grey che aveva sposato quattro anni prima.
Benché in uso dal 1927, il sonoro non interessò Chaplin sino alla fine degli anni 30; un particolare curioso per un artista che avrebbe enfatizzato poi con la musica e accurati movimenti coreografici i suoi migliori lavori (basta ricordare il leitmotiv di Luci della ribalta o la canzone Smile portata al successo da Nat King Cole).
Nonostante il sonoro si fosse ormai affermato definitivamente a Hollywood, girò nel 1931 Luci della città, completamente muto e solo accompagnato dalla musica. È interessante notare come Chaplin sostituisca, in questo film, la voce delle persone con il suono degli strumenti musicali, simulando la voce, all'inizio di Luci della città. Nello stesso anno ricevette l'onore dell'attribuzione della Legione d'onore francese. Cinque anni dopo girò un altro capolavoro del cinema muto, Tempi moderni.
Nel 1932 aveva conosciuto l'attrice ventunenne Paulette Goddard, che aveva già avuto qualche esperienza marginale nel cinema in parti minori. I due s'innamorarono, e Paulette recitò con Charles in Tempi moderni (1936) e ne Il grande dittatore (1940).
Questo fu il primo film completamente sonoro di Chaplin, girato e distribuito negli Stati Uniti poco prima dell'entrata nella guerra. Nel film, Chaplin interpreta due personaggi: Adenoid Hynkel, il dittatore di Tomania, esplicitamente ispirato ad Adolf Hitler, e un barbiere ebreo perseguitato dai nazisti. Dopo la guerra, quando l'internamento e lo sterminio degli Ebrei furono noti, Chaplin dichiarò che non avrebbe realizzato il film se solo avesse potuto sapere che cosa stava accadendo. Il film ebbe 2 candidature agli Oscar, come miglior regia e miglior sceneggiatura, ma non vinse statuette.
Dopo questo film Chaplin interruppe la sua attività cinematografica per circa sette anni.
Nel 1942 conobbe la diciassettenne Oona o'Neil, il terzo e ultimo dei suoi grandi amori, che divenne sua moglie nel 1946, e da lei ebbe otto figli, tre nati negli Stati Uniti e cinque in Svizzera.
Nel 1947 uscì un nuovo film, Monsieur Verdoux ispirato alla famosa storia di Henri Landru, su un soggetto di Orson Welles.
Il "maccartismo" e il trasferimento in Europa
Le sue simpatie politiche non furono da lui mai rivelate esplicitamente. Di certo, in molti suoi film aveva analizzato la realtà cupa dei lavoratori, dei poveri e degli emarginati (Tempi moderni, del 1936, ne può essere un chiaro esempio), ed aveva messo in piena luce le contraddizioni della società americana, sottolineando la distanza fra il Sistema (impersonato spesso da poliziotti senza cuore) e il Mondo dei derelitti (rappresentati da "Charlot" il vagabondo). Benché vivesse negli Stati Uniti da molti anni, Chaplin aveva mantenuto con orgoglio la cittadinanza britannica.
Già all'uscita di Monsieur Verdoux venne pubblicamente accusato di "filocomunismo" e nel 1949 divenne uno dei bersagli del movimento innescato dal senatore Joseph McCarthy. Nel 1951 iniziò a girare quello che sarebbe stato il suo "canto del cigno": Luci della ribalta, tratto da un suo romanzo Footlights, mai pubblicato. Fu il suo ultimo film prodotto a Hollywood, e anche l'unico che interpretò assieme ad un altro mattatore del cinema muto: Buster Keaton.
Nel 1952, proprio quando Luci della ribalta usciva nelle sale, Chaplin lasciò gli Stati Uniti per un viaggio in Inghilterra e, avuta notizia che il suo rientro in America sarebbe stato messo sotto inchiesta, decise di stabilirsi in Europa fissando la sua residenza in Svizzera.
Nel 1957 Chaplin ritornò dietro la macchina da presa per girare di nuovo un film: Un re a New York. Fu il suo penultimo film, tra l'altro anche l'unico in cui recita assieme a suo figlio Michael. L'opera non ebbe successo e la sua vena cinematografica sembrava effettivamente appannata. Nel 1964, dopo circa un'anno di lavoro, scrisse un'autobiografia (nella quale non vi è menzione del film Il circo, che probabilmente preferiva non ricordare per le tristi circostanze nelle quali fu girato). Nel 1966 si calò per l'ultima volta nei panni di regista, per girare La contessa di Hong Kong: fu il suo ultimo film, nonché l'unico a colori, nel quale lavorò assieme a due star del cinema mondiale: Marlon Brando e Sophia Loren.
Grazie alla sua genialità di compositore, proprio in quegli anni produsse la versione sonora di alcuni suoi capolavori: Il circo nel 1969, Il monello nel 1971, e infine nel 1975 la donna di Parigi.
Nel 1972, riconciliatosi con l'opinione pubblica americana, ritornò negli Stati Uniti per ritirare il suo secondo premio Oscar, questa volta alla carriera, assegnatogli per "aver fatto delle immagini in movimento una forma d'arte del Ventesimo secolo".
Il 4 marzo 1975, dopo molti anni di esilio volontario dal suo Paese d'origine, Chaplin fu nominato Cavaliere di Sua Maestà dalla regina Elisabetta II d'Inghilterra. L'onorificenza era già stata proposta nel 1956, ma - in piena guerra fredda - non era stata concessa per il veto imposto dall'Ufficio straniero britannico sempre a causa delle presunte simpatie politiche di Chaplin.
La scomparsa
Charles Chaplin morì a Corsier-sur-Vevey, (Vevey), in Svizzera, la notte di Natale del 1977 e lì fu sepolto. Due mesi dopo la sua morte, il 1° marzo 1978, il suo corpo fu trafugato in un tentativo di estorsione ai danni dei suoi familiari. Il piano tuttavia fallì: i malviventi furono catturati e la salma venne localizzata e recuperata nei pressi del lago di Ginevra.
Un film biografico su Chaplin - Charlot - è stato girato nel 1992 dal regista Richard Attenborough, interpretato da Robert Downey Jr. (nel ruolo di Chaplin), Dan Aykroyd, Geraldine Chaplin (figlia di Charlie), Anthony Hopkins, Milla Jovovich, Moira Kelly, Kevin Kline, Diane Lane, Penelope Ann Miller, Paul Rhys, Marisa Tomei, Nancy Travis e James Woods.
]]>At the conclusion of the Mutual contract in 1917, Chaplin signed a contract with First National to produce eight two-reel films. First National financed and distributed these pictures (1918-23) but otherwise gave him complete creative control over production which he could perform at a more relaxed pace that allowed him to focus on quality. Chaplin built his own Hollywood studio and using his independence, created a remarkable, timeless body of work that remains entertaining and influential. Although First National expected Chaplin to deliver short comedies like the celebrated Mutuals, Chaplin ambitiously expanded most of his personal projects into longer, feature-length films, including Shoulder Arms (1918), The Pilgrim (1923), and the feature-length classic The Kid (1921).
In 1919, Chaplin co-founded the United Artists film distribution company with Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D.W. Griffith, all of whom were seeking to escape the growing power consolidation of film distributors and financiers in the developing Hollywood studio system. This move, along with complete control of his film production through his studio, assured Chaplin's independence as a film-maker. He served on the board of UA until the early 1950s.
All Chaplin's United Artists pictures were of feature length, beginning with the atypical drama in which Chaplin had only a brief cameo role, A Woman of Paris (1923). This was followed by the classic comedies The Gold Rush (1925) and The Circus (1928).
After the arrival of sound films, he made City Lights (1931), as well as Modern Times (1936) before he committed to sound. These were essentially silent films scored with his own music and sound effects. City Lights contained arguably his most perfect balance of comedy and sentimentality. Of the final scene, critic James Agee wrote in Life magazine in 1949 that it was the "greatest single piece of acting ever committed to celluloid".
His dialogue films made in Hollywood were The Great Dictator (1940), Monsieur Verdoux (1947), and Limelight (1952).
While Modern Times (1936) is a non-talkie, it does contain talk —- usually coming from inanimate objects such as a radio or a TV monitor. This was done to help 1930s audiences, who were out of the habit of watching silent films, adjust to not hearing dialogue. Modern Times was the first film where Chaplin's voice is heard (in the nonsense song at the end, being both written and performed by Chaplin). However, for most viewers it is still considered a silent film -- and the end of an era.
Although "talkies" became the dominant mode of movie making soon after they were introduced in 1927, Chaplin resisted making such a film all through the 1930s. He considered cinema was essentially a pantomimic art. He said: "Action is more generally understood than words. Like Chinese symbolism, it will mean different things according to its scenic connotation. Listen to a description of some unfamiliar object -- an African wart hog, for example; then look at a picture of the animal and see how surprised you are (Time Magazine, February 9, 1931)."
It is a tribute to Chaplin's versatility that he also has one film credit for choreography for the 1952 film Limelight, and another as a singer for the title music of The Circus (1928). The best known of several songs he composed are "Smile", composed for the film Modern Times and given lyrics to help promote a 1950s revival of the film, famously covered by Nat King Cole. "This Is My Song" from Chaplin's last film, "A Countess From Hong Kong," was a number one hit in several different languages in the 1960s (most notably the version by Petula Clark and discovery of an unreleased version in the 1990s recorded in 1967 by Judith Durham of The Seekers), and Chaplin's theme from Limelight was a hit in the 1950s under the title "Eternally." Chaplin's score to Limelight was nominated for an Academy Award in 1972 due to a decades-long delay in the film premiering in Los Angeles making it eligible.
The Great Dictator
His first dialogue picture, The Great Dictator (1940), was an act of defiance against German dictator Adolf Hitler and Nazism, filmed and released in the United States one year before the US abandoned its policy of isolationism to enter World War II. Chaplin played the role of a Hitler-like dictator "Adenoid Hynkel",[6] Dictator of Tomainia, clearly modeled on Hitler. The film also showcased comedian Jack Oakie as "Benzino Napaloni", dictator of Bacteria. The Napaloni character was clearly a jab at Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and Fascism.
Paulette Goddard filmed with Chaplin again, depicting a woman in the ghetto. The film was seen as an act of courage in the political environment of the time, both for its ridicule of Nazism and for the portrayal of overt Jewish characters and the depiction of their persecution. Chaplin played both the role of Adenoid Hynkel and also that of a look-alike Jewish barber cruelly persecuted by the Nazis. The barber physically resembles Chaplin's Tramp character, but is not considered to be the Tramp. At the conclusion, the two characters Chaplin portrayed swapped positions through a complex plot, and he dropped out of his comic character to address the audience directly in a speech.
Politics
Charlie Chaplin together with the American socialist Max Eastman in Hollywood 1919.
Charlie Chaplin together with the American socialist Max Eastman in Hollywood 1919.
Chaplin's political sympathies always lay with the left. His politics seem tame by modern standards, but in the 1940s his views (in conjunction with his influence, fame, and status in the United States as a resident foreigner) were seen by many as communistic. His silent films made prior to the Great Depression typically did not contain overt political themes or messages, apart from the Tramp's plight in poverty and his run-ins with the law, but his 1930s films were more openly political. Modern Times depicts workers and poor people in dismal conditions. The final dramatic speech in The Great Dictator, which was critical of following patriotic nationalism without question, and his vocal public support for the opening of a second European front in 1942 to assist the Soviet Union in World War II were controversial. In at least one of those speeches, according to a contemporary account in the Daily Worker, he intimated that Communism might sweep the world after World War II and equated it with human progress.
Apart from the controversial 1942 speeches, Chaplin declined to support the war effort as he had done for the First World War which led to public anger, although his two sons saw service in the Army in Europe. For most of WWII he was fighting serious criminal and civil charges related to his involvement with actress Joan Barry (see below). After the war, the critical view towards what he regarded as capitalism in his 1947 black comedy, Monsieur Verdoux led to increased hostility, with the film being the subject of protests in many US cities. As a result, Chaplin's final American film, Limelight, was less political and more autobiographical in nature. His following European-made film, A King in New York (1957), satirized the political persecution and paranoia that had forced him to leave the US five years earlier. After this film, Chaplin lost interest in making overt political statements, later saying that comedians and clowns should be "above politics".
McCarthy era
Although Chaplin had his major successes in the United States and was a resident from 1914 to 1952, he always maintained a neutral nationalistic stance. During the era of McCarthyism, Chaplin was accused of "un-American activities" as a suspected communist sympathizer and J. Edgar Hoover, who had instructed the FBI to keep extensive secret files on him, tried to end his United States residency. FBI pressure on Chaplin grew after his 1942 campaign for a second European front in the war and reached a critical level in the late 1940s, when Congressional figures threatened to call him as a witness in hearings. This was never done, probably from fear of Chaplin's ability to lampoon the investigators.[7] This was probably a wise decision, as Chaplin later stated that, if called, he wanted to appear dressed in his Tramp costume.[citation needed]
In 1952, Chaplin left the US for what was intended as a brief trip home to the United Kingdom for the London premiere of Limelight. Hoover learned of the trip and negotiated with the Immigration and Naturalization Service to revoke Chaplin's re-entry permit. Chaplin decided not to re-enter the United States, writing; ".....Since the end of the last world war, I have been the object of lies and propaganda by powerful reactionary groups who, by their influence and by the aid of America's yellow press, have created an unhealthy atmosphere in which liberal-minded individuals can be singled out and persecuted. Under these conditions I find it virtually impossible to continue my motion-picture work, and I have therefore given up my residence in the United States."[8]
Chaplin then made his home in Vevey, Switzerland. He briefly and triumphantly returned to the United States in April 1972, with his wife, to receive an Honorary Oscar, and was welcomed warmly.
Chaplin and Jackie Coogan in The Kid (1921)
Chaplin and Jackie Coogan in The Kid (1921)
Chaplin first toured America with the Fred Karno troupe from 1910 to 1912. Then, after five months back in England, he returned for a second tour and arrived in the United States with the Karno Troupe on October 2, 1912. In the Karno Company was Arthur Stanley Jefferson, who would later become known as Stan Laurel. Chaplin and Laurel shared a room in a boarding house. Stan Laurel returned to England but Chaplin remained in the United States. In late 1913, Chaplin's act with the Karno Troupe was seen by film producer Mack Sennett, who hired him for his studio, the Keystone Film Company. Chaplin's first film appearance was in Making a Living a one-reel comedy released on February 2, 1914. At Keystone Studios, Chaplin became an instant success[4]. Chaplin once entered a Charlie Chaplin look-a-like contest in San Francisco and, quite humorously, could not make it to the final round[5].
Pioneering film artist
Kid Auto Races in Venice (1914): Chaplin's second film and the début of his "tramp" costume.
Kid Auto Races in Venice (1914): Chaplin's second film and the début of his "tramp" costume.
Chaplin's earliest films were made for Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios, where he developed his tramp character and very quickly learned the art and craft of film making. The tramp was first presented to the public in Chaplin's second film Kid Auto Races at Venice (released Feb. 7, 1914) though Mabel's Strange Predicament, his third film, (released Feb. 9,1914) was produced a few days before. It was for this film that Chaplin first conceived of the tramp. The character would immediately gain huge popularity among theater audiences[4]. As Chaplin recalled in his autobiography:
"I had no idea what makeup to put on. I did not like my get-up as the press reporter [in Making a Living]. However on the way to the wardrobe I thought I would dress in baggy pants, big shoes, a cane and a derby hat. I wanted everything to be a contradiction: the pants baggy, the coat tight, the hat small and the shoes large. I was undecided whether to look old or young, but remembering Sennett had expected me to be a much older man, I added a small moustache, which I reasoned, would add age without hiding my expression.
I had no idea of the character. But the moment I was dressed, the clothes and the makeup made me feel the person he was. I began to know him, and by the time I walked on stage he was fully born." (Chaplin, My Autobiography: 154).
Chaplin's early Keystones use the standard Mack Sennett formula of extreme physical comedy and exaggerated gestures. Chaplin's pantomime was subtler, more suitable to romantic and domestic farces than to the usual Keystone chases and mob scenes. The visual gags were pure Keystone, however; the tramp character would aggressively assault his enemies with kicks and bricks. Moviegoers loved this cheerfully earthy new comedian, even though critics warned that his antics bordered on vulgarity. Chaplin was soon entrusted with directing and editing his own films. He made 34 shorts for Sennett during his first year in pictures, as well as the landmark comedy feature Tillie's Punctured Romance.
In 1915, Chaplin signed a much more favourable contract with Essanay Studios, and further developed his cinematic skills, adding new levels of depth and pathos to the Keystone-style slapstick. Most of the Essanay films were more ambitious, running twice as long as the average Keystone comedy. Chaplin also developed his own stock company, including ingenue Edna Purviance and comic villains Leo White and Bud Jamison.
In 1916, the Mutual Film Corporation paid Chaplin US$670,000 to produce a dozen two-reel comedies. He was given near complete artistic control, and produced twelve films over an eighteen-month period that rank among the most influential comedy films in cinema. Practically every Mutual comedy is a classic: Easy Street, One AM, The Pawnshop, and The Adventurer are perhaps the best known. Edna Purviance remained the leading lady, and Chaplin added Eric Campbell, Henry Bergman, and Albert Austin to his stock company; Campbell, a Gilbert and Sullivan veteran, provided superb villainy, and second bananas Bergman and Austin would remain with Chaplin for decades. Chaplin regarded the Mutual period as the happiest of his career, although he also had concerns that the films during that time were becoming formulaic owing to the stringent production schedule his contract required. Upon the US entering World War I, Chaplin became a spokesman for Liberty Bonds with his close friend Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford[4].
Most of the Chaplin films in circulation date from his Keystone, Essanay, and Mutual periods. After Chaplin assumed control of his productions in 1918 (and kept exhibitors and audiences waiting for them), entrepreneurs serviced the demand for Chaplin by bringing back his older comedies. The films were recut, retitled, and reissued again and again, first for theatres, then for the home-movie market, and in recent years, for home video. Even Essanay was guilty of this practice, fashioning "new" Chaplin comedies from old film clips and out-takes. The twelve Mutual comedies were revamped as sound movies in 1933, when producer Amadee J. Van Beuren added new orchestral scores and sound effects. A listing of the dozens of Chaplin films and alternate versions can be found in the Ted Okuda-David Maska book Charlie Chaplin at Keystone and Essanay: Dawn of the Tramp. Efforts to produce definitive versions of Chaplin's pre-1918 short films have been underway in recent years; all twelve Mutual films were restored in 1975 by archivist David Shepard and Blackhawk Films, and new restorations with even more footage were released on DVD in 2006.
]]>Charlie Chaplin was born on 16 April 1889, in East Street, Walworth, London. His parents were both entertainers in the Music Hall tradition; they separated before Charlie was three. He learned singing from his parents. The 1891 census shows that his mother, the actress Lily Harvey (Hannah Harriet Hill), lived with Charlie and his older brother Sydney on Barlow Street, Walworth. As a child Charlie also lived with his mother in various addresses in and around Kennington Road in Lambeth, including 3 Pownall Terrace, Chester Street, and 46 Methley Street. His maternal grandmother was half-Roma, a fact he was very proud of,[2] but also described as "the skeleton in our family cupboard".[3] Chaplin's father was an alcoholic and had little contact with his son, though Chaplin and his brother briefly lived with their father and his mistress Louise at 287 Kennington Road (which address is now ornamented with a plaque commemorating Chaplin's residence). The brothers resided there when their mother became mentally ill and was admitted to the Cane Hill Asylum at Coulsdon. His father's mistress sent the young Chaplin to Kennington Road school. Chaplin's father died when Charlie was twelve in 1901. At the time of the 1901 Census, Charles resided at 94 Ferndale Road, Lambeth, with the The Eight Lancashire Lads, which was led by John William Jackson (the 17 year old son of one of the founders).
A larynx condition ended the singing career of Chaplin's mother. Hannah's first crisis came in 1894 when she was performing at The Canteen, a theatre in Aldershot. The theatre was mainly frequented by rioters and soldiers, and it was one of the worst places to perform. Hannah was badly injured by the objects the audience mercilessly threw at her, and she was booed off the stage. Backstage, she cried and argued with her manager. In the meantime, the five-year old Chaplin went on stage alone and started singing a very well-known tune at that time, "Jack Jones".
When Hannah Chaplin was again admitted to the Cane Hill Asylum, Chaplin was left in the workhouse at Lambeth in south London, moving after several weeks to the Central London District School for paupers in Hanwell. The young Chaplin brothers forged a close relationship to survive. They gravitated to the Music Hall while still very young, and both of them proved to have considerable natural stage talent. Chaplin's early years of desperate poverty were a great influence on his characters. Themes in his films in later years would re-visit the scenes of his childhood deprivation in Lambeth.
Chaplin's mother died in 1928 in Hollywood, seven years after being brought to the U.S. by her sons. Unknown to Charlie and Sydney until years later, they had a half-brother through their mother. The boy, Wheeler Dryden, was raised abroad by his father but later connected with the rest of the family and went to work for Chaplin at his Hollywood studio.
]]>Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin, KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977), better known as Charlie Chaplin, was an Academy Award-winning English comedy actor. Chaplin became one of the most famous actors as well as a notable director, composer and musician in the early to mid Hollywood cinema era. He is considered to have been one of the finest mimes and clowns ever caught on film and has greatly influenced performers in this field.
He acted in, directed, scripted, produced, and eventually scored his own films. Chaplin was also one of the most creative and influential personalities in the silent-film era. His working life in entertainment spanned over 65 years, from the Victorian stage and music hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer, almost until his death at the age of eighty-eight. Chaplin's high-profile public and private life encompassed highs and lows with both adulation and controversy.
His principal character was "The Tramp" (known as "Charlot" in France and the French-speaking world, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Romania, and Turkey, as "Carlinhos" in Brazil and "Carlitos" in Argentina). "The Tramp" is a vagrant with the refined manners and dignity of a gentleman. The character wears a tight coat, oversized trousers and shoes, and a derby; carries a bamboo cane; and has a signature toothbrush moustache.
Contents
Bakitara (Central Africa) Oirwota?
Bakitara (Central Africa) [answer] Ndabanta
Bakweri (Cameroon) O wusi
Bambara (Mali) I ni sogoma
Bambara (Mali) [to several people] Aw ni sogoma
Bambara (Mali) [did you sleep in peace?] Here sira wa?
Bambara (Mali) [answer: peace only] Here dogon
Bambara (Mali) [midday; to one person] I ni tilenna
Bambara (Mali) [midday; to several people] Aw ni tilenna
Bambara (Mali) [midday; to one person] I ni tile
Bambara (Mali) [midday; to several people] Aw ni tile
Bambara (Mali) [midday; to one; spoken] I ni t'le
Bambara (Mali) [midday; to several; spoken] Aw ni t'le
Bashkir (Russia) Kheyerle irte
Basque (Spain, France) Egun on
Belorussian (Belarus) Dobraj ranicy
Belorussian (Belarus) Dobraha ranku
Bemba (Zambia, Zaire) Mwashibukeni
Bengali (Bangladesh, India) Shu pravat
Bengali (Bangladesh, India) Shubho shokal
Bilen (Bogos Ethiopia)[you enjoy the night?] Aja kruKwma?
Bilen (Bogos Ethiopia) [yes, good morning] MerHaba, aja kruKwma
Bislama (Vanuatu) Gud morning
Bislama (Vanuatu) Mone
Bole (Nigeria) Barka saato
Bole (Nigeria) Yawwa
Bosnian (Bosnia and Hercegovina) Dobro jutro
Bosnian (Bosnia and Hercegovina)[by Muslims] Sabah hajrula
Brigidian (western Ireland) Mornez mahaha
Bulgarian (Bulgaria) Dobro utro
Cantonese (China) Jo san
Cantonese (China) Zan san
Cassubian (Northweast Poland) Dzén dobri
Catalan (Andorra, Spain, France) Bon dia
Chamorro (Guam, Mariana Island) Oga'an maolek
Chamorro (Guam, Mariana Island) Buenas dihas
Chatino (Tataltepec Mexico) Cua nque' msaa
Chechen (North Caucasus Russia) Cürea dika yoila
Chechen (North Caucasus Russia) 'Yyr dik joil
Cheke Holo [Maringe] (Solomon Islands) Keli fara
Cheke Holo [Maringe] (Solomon Islands) Hameron keli
Cherokee (Oklahoma & North Carolina USA) Os-da-su-na-le
Cheyenne (USA) Pévevóona'o
Chichewa (Malawi) [morning] Mwadzuka bwanji
Chinyanja (Southern Africa) Mwadzuka bwanji
Chinyanja (Southern Africa) Mwauka bwanji
Chishona (Southern Africa) Mangwánaní
Chishona (Southern Africa) [by women] Mangwánaní shéwe
Chishona (Southern Africa) [by men] Mangwánaní chirombówe
Chishona (Southern Africa) [to women] Mangwánaní mái
Chishona (Southern Africa) [to men] Mangwánaní babá
Chishona (S. Africa) [1: by first person] Mangwánaní
Chishona (S. Africa) [2: answer to #1 Mangwánaní marara sei?
Chishona (S. Africa) [3: answ. to #2, sing.] Ndarara kana mararawo
Chishona (S. Africa) [3: answ. to #2, sing.] Ndarara mararawo
Chishona (S. Africa) [3: answ. to #2,plural] Tarara kana mararawo
Chishona (S. Africa) [3: answ. to #2,plural] Tarara mararawo
Chishona (S. Africa) [4: answ. to #3, sing.] Ndarara
Chishona (S. Africa) [1: by first person] Mangwánaní
Chishona (S. Africa) [2: answer to #1 Mangwánaní mamuka sei?
Chishona (S. Africa) [3: answ. to #2, sing.] Ndamuka, mamukawo?
Chishona (S. Africa) [3: answ. to #2, sing.] Ndamuka
Chishona (S. Africa) [3: answ. to #2,plural] Tamuka, mamukawo?
Chishona (S. Africa) [4: answ. to #3,plural] Tamuka
Chitonga (Africa) Mwabuka buti
Choctaw (USA) Onnahinli pvt achukma
Chuuk (Chuuk Island Micronesia) Neesor ánnim
Chuvash (Russia) Yra ir pultar
Comoran (Comoros) Bariza soubouni
Comoran (Comoros) Habhari za asubhwihi
Cornish (Great Britain) Myttin da
Creole (Dominican Republic) Bon jou
Croatian (Croatia, Bosnia) Dobro jutro
Czech (Czech Republic) Dobré jitro
Czech (Czech Republic) Dobré ráno
Dagaare (Ghana, Burkina Faso) Fo angsoma
Dagaare (Ghana, Burkina Faso) Ye angsoma
Dagaare (Ghana, Burkina Faso) Fo gaao be song?
Dagaare (Ghana, Burkina Faso) [answer] Oo, o be song
Damal (Indonesia) Amole
Danish (Denmark, Greenland) God morgen
Danish (Denmark, Greenland) [before noon] God formiddag
Danish (Denmark, Greenland) [noon] God middag
Danish (Jutland) Mojn
Dhivehi (Maldives) Baajja veri hendhuneh
Dusun (Sabah Malaysia) Kopisanangan dongkosuabon
Dutch (Netherlands) Goedemorgen
Dutch (Netherlands) [in spoken language] Goeiemorgen
Dyula (Burkina Faso, C. d'Ivoire, Mali) I ni sogoma
Dyula (W Africa) [did you sleep in peace?] Hèrè sirawa?
Dyula (W Africa) [reply: peace only] Hèrè dron
Edo (Nigeria) Ób'ówie
Ekegusii (Kenya) Bwakire buya
Ekegusii (Kenya) [how was the night?] Kwabokire?
Ekegusii (Kenya) [answer: fine] Buya
Enga (Papua New Guinea) Yongáma
Enga (Papua New Guinea) Yongámo
English (America, Australia, UK) Good morning
English [Middle English] (Great Britain) Gode morweninge
Esperanto (international use) Bonan matenon
Estonian (Estonia) Tere hommikust
Estonian (Estonia) [older] Tere hommikust aega
Estonian [Old Estonian] (old Estonia) Terveh hoommikkosta aigaa
Eton (Cameroon) Mbe mbe kiri
Eton (Cameroon) [answer] Kiri mbang
Ewe (Ghana, Togo) Mudobo
Ewe (Ghana, Togo) Neefon
Faroese (Faroe Islands) Goðan morgun
Farsi (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan) Sobh beh'khayr
Fijian (Fiji) Yadra
Fijian (Fiji) Ni sa yadra
Finnish (Finland) Hyvää huomenta
Finnish (Finland) [informal] Huomenta
Fon (Benin, Togo) Kudo zan zan
Fon (Benin, Togo) A fon gangi a?
Fon (Benin, Togo) A fon kede a?
Fon (Benin, Togo) [reply] Een, un fon gangi
Fon (Benin, Togo) A damlo gangi a?
Fon (Benin, Togo) [reply] Een, un damlo gangi
Fore (Papua New Guinea) Ábayawé
French (Europe, Africa, Canada) Bonjour
French (Europe, Africa, Canada) Bon matin
French (Europe, Africa, Canada) Bonne matinée
Frisian (Netherlands, Germany) Moarn
Frisian (Netherlands, Germany) Goemoarn
Frisian (Schleswig-Holstein Germany) Gud maaren
Fulani (West Africa) Jam waali
Gagauz (southern Moldova) Sabaa khair olsun
Galician (Spain) Bom día
Galician (Spain) Bos días
Galician (Spain) Bons días
Gbhandi (Liberia) Yanela
Georgian (Georgia) Dila mshvidobisa
German (Central Europe) Guten Morgen
German (Vienna Austria) [in spoken language] Gun moang
German (Bavarian Alps) [in spoken language] Guatn Moagn
German (Switzerland) [in spoken language] Guetä Morgä
German (Bern Switzerland) [spoken language] Gu-ete Morge
German [Südhessisch] (Germany) Moin
German (Zurich Switzerland) [spoken lang.] Gu-ëte Morgë
German (Zurich Switzerland) [spoken lang.] Gu-etä Morge
German (Zurich Switzerland) [old] Morgë
Greek (Greece, Cyprus) Kalimera
Guaja (Brazil) Zeng
Guarani (Paraguay) Mba'éichapa ne ko'ê
Guarani (Paraguay) [answer] Cheko'ê porâ, ha nde
Gujarati (India) Shubh prabhaat
Hakka (China, Malaysia) Zao sin
Hassaniya (Mauritania) Saloma alaykom
Hausa (West Africa) Barkà dà kwana
Hausa (West Africa) Barkà dà safe
Hausa (West Africa) Barkà dà asuba
Hausa (West Africa) Ina kwana
Hausa (West Africa) [response] Lapiyalo
Hausa (West Africa) [midday] Barkà dà rana
Hawaiian (Hawaii) [rarely used] Aloha kakahiaka
Hawaiian (Hawaii) [midday - rarely used] Aloha awakea
Hebrew (Israel) Boker tov
Hindi (India, East Asia) Shubha prabhaat
Hindi (India, East Asia) Vanakkam
Hiri Motu (Papua New Guinea) Dada namona
Hmong Daw (Laos, Thailand) [rarely used] Nyob zoo thaum sawv ntxov
Hmong Daw (Laos, Thailand)[rarely used-noon] Nyob zoo thaum tavsu
Huasteco (San Luis Potosí Mexico) Tahk'ane:nek
Hungarian (Hungary) Jó reggelt
Icelandic (Iceland) Góðan daginn
Icetot (Uganda) [to one person] Epida
Icetot (Uganda) [to several people] Epita
Ido (international use) Bona matino
Igbo (Nigeria) Ezigbo ututu
Igbo (Nigeria) Isala chi
[Ik, see Icetot]
Ilokano (Philippines) [formal] Naimbag a bigatyo
Ilokano (Philippines) [informal] Naimbag a bigatmo
Ilokano (Philippines) Naimbag nga bigat
Ilokano (Philippines) [noon, formal] Naimbag ñga aldawyo
Ilokano (Philippines) [noon, informal] Naimbag ñga aldawmo
Ilokano (Philippines) [noon] Naimbag nga aldaw
Ilonggo (Philippines) Maayong buntag
Indonesian (Indonesia, Surinam) Selamat pagi
Ingush (Russia) Wijra dika xajla hwa
Ingush (Russia) [answer to above] Hwa 'a xajla wijra dika
Ingush (Russia) [answer elder > young man] Duqa vaaxalva hwo
Ingush (Russia) [answer elder > young men] Duqa daaxalda sho
Ingush (Russia) [answer elder > young woman] Duqa jaaxiila hwo
Ingush (Russia) [answer elder > midage] Maarsha-ca vaaxalva hwo
Ingush (Russia) [answer elder > midage pl] Maarsha-ca daaxalda sho
Interlingua (constructed) Bon matino
Inuktitut (Baffin Island Canada) Ullaakkut
Inuktitut (Canada) Ullakut
Iñupiaq (Alaska) Uvlaalluaqtaq
Irish Gaelic (Ireland, Britain) Maidin mhaith
Irish Gaelic (Ireland, Britain) Dia dhuit ar maidin
Italian (Cent. Europe, E Africa) Buon giorno
Itbayaten (Batanes Philippines) Kapian ka pa nu Dios aschapanderak
Ivasayen (Batanes Philippines) Capian ka pa nu Dios si chamavucjas
Japanese (Japan) Ohayo
Japanese (Japan) Ohayo gozaimasu
Japanese [Tohoku Ben] (Northeast Japan) Ohayo-sama
Japanese [Nosaka] (Nosaka-machi Japan)[noon] O agan nasai mashi
Javanese (Indonesia) Sugeng enjang
Javanese (Indonesia) Sugeng enjing
Kadazan (Sabah Malaysia) Kopivosian donsuvab
Kalaallisut (Greenland) Iterluarit
Kalaallisut (Greenland) Ku-moorn
Kangbe (West Africa) E nee somah
Kangbe (West Africa) [how was your night?] Tanna mahssee
Kapampangan (Philippines) Mayap ayabak
Kapampangan (Philippines) [formal] Mayap ayabak pu
Karaim (Lithuania, Ukraine) Tan jachshy
Karelian (Karelia Russia) Hüvä päivä
Karitiana (Brazil) Goy'hap
Karitiana (Brazil)
Kasem (Ghana, Burkina Faso) De N zezenga
Kasem (Ghana, Burkina Faso) De N de zezenga
Kasem (Ghana, Burkina Faso) De N waaro
Kasem (Ghana, Burkina Faso) De N peiga
Kasigau (Kenya) [have you woken up well?] Wawuka?
Kasigau (Kenya) [I have woken up well] Nawuka
Kazakh (Kazakstan, C. Asia, China) Khayrly tanj
Kekchi (Guatemala) Ma xatsakeuk?
Kekchi (Guatemala) [answer] Sa, bantiox
Khakas (Russia) Chaxsy irten
Kichaga [Kibosho] (Tanzania) Shimboni
Kichaga [Kimashami] (Tanzania) Nesindisa
Kiga (Africa) Oraire gye
Kikuyu (Kenya) Wi muhoro
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) Mwaramutse
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) Warumutse ho?
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) [answer] Waaramutse
Kirundi (Burundi) Mwaramutse
Kisanga (Bunkeya Congo-Kinshasa) Mwalangikai
Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) Habari za asubuhi
Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) Habari ya asubuhi
Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [answer] Nzuri
Kituba (Congo) Mbote na nge
Kituba (Congo) [reply] Mbote
Klallam (Washington USA) [it is a good day] ?Éy' skwáchi
Klallam (Washington USA) [it is a good day] ?Éy' skwáchi ?áynekw
Komi-Permyak (Russia) Bur asyv
Komi-Zyrian (Russia) Bur asyv
Konkani (Goa India) Dev boro dis dium
Konkani (Goa India) Dev boro dis diunk
Korean (Korea) [formal: did you sleep well?] Annyong-hi jumushyossumnikka
Korean (Korea) [inf: did you sleep well?] Annyong-hi jumushyossoyo
Koromfe (Burkina Faso) A dafre jeb ha baani
Koromfe (Burkian Faso) A dafre jeb ha a baani
Koromfe (Burkina Faso) A sana kibaru
Koromfe (Burkina Faso) [by older people] N jengst baani
Koromfe (Burkina Faso) [answer] A baani
Kosraean (Micronesia) Lotuwo
Kosraean (Micronesia) Tu wo
Krioulu (Cape Verde) Bon dia
Kumeyaay (Southern California) Nymsup quahaun
Kumeyaay (Southern California) Eehaun
Kurdi (Iraq, Iran) Sibebash
Kurdi (Iraq, Iran) Rowj basch
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [singular] Wa shilwa?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [plural] Mwa shilwa?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#1: singular] Wa lele po?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#1: plural] Mwa lele po?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#2: answ.to #1] Ee
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#3: answ.to #2] Nawa tuu?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#4: answ.to #3] Ee, ove wa lelepo?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#5: answ.to #4] Ee
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#6: answ.to #5] Nawa tuu?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#7: answ.to #6] Ee, onawa
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#1: noon, sing.] Wa uhala po?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#1: noon,plural] Mwa uhala po?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#2: answ.to #1] Ee
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#3: answ.to #2] Nawa tuu?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#4: answ.to #3] Ee, ove wa uhala po?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#5: answ.to #4] Ee
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#6: answ.to #5] Nawa tuu?
Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) [#7: answ.to #6] Ee, onawa
Kwéyòl (Haiti) Bon maten
Ladino (Israel, Turkey) Buenos dias
Lakhota (United States) Hinhanni waste
Latin (Vatican, ancient Rome) Ut vales hatie mane?
Latvian (Latvia) Labrit
Lenape (Delaware United States) Kwoapanacheen
Lingala (Congo) [did you sleep well?] Uazekele?
Lingala (Congo) [how did you sleep?] Olalaki malamu?
Lingala (Congo) [reply] Mbote
Lingua Franca (Mediterranean) Bon dgiorno
Lithuanian (Lithuania) Labas rytas
Lithuanian (Lithuania) Laba ryta
Livonian (Latvia) [modern] Jõva uomõg
Livonian (Latvia) [older] Jõvvõ uomõgt
Low Saxon (Eastern Friesland) Gode Morgen
Low Saxon (Eastern Friesland) Goden Morgen
Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) Morgen
Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) Goden Morgen
Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) Gouden morgen
Low Saxon [Westphalian] (Germany) Gueden Muorgn
Luganda (Uganda) [how was your night?] Wasuze otya nno?
Luganda (Uganda) Wasiz'otya nyabo?
Luganda (Uganda) Wasuz'otya?
Luganda (Uganda) [answer] Bulungi, wasuze otya nno?
Luganda (Uganda) Ibuto?
Luganda (Uganda) [answer] Abuto
Luganda (Uganda) Ibuto maber?
Luganda (Uganda) [answer] Abuto maber
Luiseño (Southern California United States) Micha shu 'iiq?
Luiseño (Southern California United States) Poloov temet
Lunyankole (South Uganda) Orairegye?
Lunyankole (Mbarara South Uganda) Oreiregye?
Lunyankole (Mbarara South Uganda) Oreire ota?
Lunyankole (Mbarara South Uganda) [answer] Ndaire kurungi
Lunyoro (West Uganda) Oraire ota?
Lunyoro (West Uganda) [answer] Kurungi
Luo (Kenya, Tanzania) Oyawore
Luxembourgish (Luxembourg) Gudden Muergen
Macedonian (Macedonia) Dobro utro
Malay (Malaysia, Brunei) Selamat pagi
Malinké (Senegal, Mali) Ni soma
Maltese (Malta) L-ghodwa t-tajba
Mam (Guatemala) [did you get up?] Mápa jáwe?
Mam (Guatemala) [answer: yes, I did] May
Mampruli (Ghana) Dasuba
Mandarin (China) Ni zao
Mandarin (China) Zao an
Mandarin (China) Zao chen hao
Mandarin (China) Zhao shang hao
Mandinka (West Africa) [singular] I saama
Mandinka (West Africa) [plural] Al saama
Mandinka (West Africa) Ge iwurara
Manx (Britain) Moghrey mie
Manx (Britain) Moghrey dhyt
Manx (Britain) Maddin vie
Manx (Britain) Baill veih jee dhyt
Manx (Britain) Baill veih jee hood
Maori (Cook Islands) Kia orana 'i teia popongi
Maori (Cook Islands) [midday] Kia orana 'i teia ra
Mari [Hill Mari] (Russia) Pury irok
Mari [Meadow Mari] (Russia) Poro er
Marshallese (Marshal Islands) Yokwe in jibbon
Mashi (Bukavu Congo-Kinshasa) Asinge
Mawe (Brazil) Enodak
Milanese [Lombard] (Milan Italy) Reverissi
Min Nam [Hokkien] (Taiwan) Gau za
Min Nam [Hokkien] (Taiwan) Gâo-chá
Minangkabau (West Sumatra Indonesia) Salamaik pagi
Mixe (Oaxaca Mexico) Mai
Mixtec (Chalcatongo Mexico) Tàníndi
Mixtec (Chalcatongo Oaxaca Mexico) Tándi
Mixtec (Chalcatongo Oaxaca Mexico) [noon] Tàníshiù
Mixtec (Chalcatongo Oaxaca Mexico) [noon] Táúshiù
Mixtec (Santa Catarina Estetla Mexico) Kobaadín
Mixtec (Santa Catarina Estetla Mexico)[ans.] Kobadiátu
Mohegan (Eastern USA) Weegwasun
Mongolian (Mongolia, Northern China) Ogloonii mend
Mòoré (Burkina Faso) Yibero
Mòoré (Burkina Faso) Yibeogo kibaare?
Mòoré (Burkina Faso) Yibeogo yaa laafi?
Mòoré (Burkina Faso) Yibeogo kiema?
Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [noon] Winngba kibaare?
Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [noon] Winngba yaa laafi?
Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [noon] Winngba kiema?
Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [answer] Laafi
Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [answer] Laafibeme
Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [answer] Laafibala
Mordvin (Russia) Paro valske
Motu (Papua New Guinea) Daba namona
Muskogee (Oklahoma & Florida USA) Hettv heren ocvs
Náhuatl (Mexico, El Salvador) Cualli tlanextli
Náhuatl (Mexico, El Salvador) Cualli tlanezi
Náhuatl (Mexico, El Salvador) Cualli tlaneci
Náhuatl (Tepoztlan Mexico) Cualli motlanezi
Náhuatl [classical] (Aztec Empire) Ma cualli tlaneci
Náhuatl [classical] (Aztec Empire) Ma cualli tlanextli
Nama (Namibia) !Gâi //goas
Ndebele (Zimbabwe) Livukile
Ndebele (Zimbabwe) Livuke njani
Ndjuka (Suriname) U weki oo
Ndjuka (Suriname) Molugu
Ndjuka (Suriname) Molugu oo
Ndjuka (Suriname) U molugu oo
Nepali (Nepal) Shubha prabhat
Nepali (Nepal) Shuva bihan
Nigerian Pidgin (Nigeria) Good morning
Norwegian [Bokmaal] (Norway) God morgen
Norwegian (Norway) [in spoken language] Godmorn
Norwegian [Sortlandsk] (Sortland Norway) Go'mårra
Nupe (Africa) Okú bè làzì nyi
[Nyankore, see Lunyankole]
Okanagan (Montana USA) Way' xast slkwkw'ast
Okanagan (Montana USA) Way' xast lkwkw'ast
Okanagan (Montana USA) Xast slkwkw'ast
Okanagan (Montana USA) Xast lkwkw'ast
Oromo (Kenya, Somalia) Nagambulte
Oromo (Kenya, Somalia) Garitoli
Ossetian (Georgia) Dæ raisom khorz
Ossetian (Georgia) Uæ raisom khorz
Otetela (Lodja Congo-Kinshasa) Moyo
Palauan (Palau) Ungil tutau
Pali (India) Suppabhaatam te
Papiamentu (Dutch Antilles, Aruba) Bon dia
Paipai (Southern California USA) Kam'yuli
Paipai (Southern Cal. USA) [not stopping] Nyumkjkye
Phorhépecha (Michoacán Mexico) Na erántsku
Phorhépecha (Michoacán Mexico) Nar erándesk
Phorhépecha (Michoacán Mexico) Nats erántsku
Phorhépecha (Michoacán Mexico) Kárinsini
Pijin (Solomon Islands) Moning
Pijin (Solomon Islands) Gudfala mone
Pijin (Solomon Islands)[good morning to you] Gudfala mone go long iu
Pijin (Solomon Islands) Mone
Pijin (Solomon Islands) [answer] Mone mone mone
Pipil (El Salvador) Yehyek tunal
Pipil (El Salvador) Bwenas dias
Plattdeutsch (Germany) G'n morje
[Police Motu, see Hiri Motu]
Polish (Poland) Dzien dobry
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) Bom dia
Puluwat (Micronesia) Nesor állim
Quechua Ayacuchano (Ayacucho Peru) Allin p'unchay
Quechua Ayacuchano (Ayacucho Peru) Winus diyas
Quechua Cochabambino (Bolivia) Allin p'unchaj
Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru) Allin p'unchaw
Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru) Wenos días
Quiché (Guatemala) Sakiric
Quichua (Ecuador) Alli punzha
Quichua (Ecuador) Alli puncha
Romani [Sinte] (Central Europe) Lashi de tehara
Romani [Sinte] (Central Europe) Dobroj tume
Romani [Sofia Erli] (Bulgaria) Lachshí tí yavin
Romani [Sliven] (Bulgaria) Bahtali ti avin
Romanian (Romania) Bunã dimineata
Romansch (Switzerland) Bun di
Russian (Russia) Dobroye utro
Rutoro (Uganda) Oreire ota?
Rutoro (Uganda) [reply] Ndeire kurungi
Saami [Davvi] (Scandinavia) Buorre idit
Saami [Davvi] (Scandinavia) Buorre iðit
Sakao (Espiritu Santo Island Vanuatu) Segren vogvog
Sangha (Mali) Agapo
Saramaccan (Suriname) I weki no
Saramaccan (Suriname) [response] Mi weki e
Saramaccan (Suriname) Nááfu
Sardinian (Italy) Bonas dies
Sarnami (Suriname, Holland) Subh ba khair
Savonian (Ylä-Savo Finland) Hyvvee huomenta
Scots (Scotland) Guid mornin
Sepedi (South Africa) Robala gabotse
Serbian (Bosnia, Yugoslavia) Dobro jutro
Serrere (Senegal, Gambia) Ndio ko yong
Sesotho (Lesotho, South Africa) Mmoro
Sesotho (Lesotho, S Afr.) [plural] Mmorong
Setswana (South Africa, Botswana) O tsogile jang
Shambaa (Tanzania) Onga mahundo
Shambaa (Tanzania) [reply] Ni vedi, hangize wako
Shanghaiese (Shanghai China) Han zhou
Shingazidja (Comoros) Barza husha
Shipibo (Peru) Hacum ya mucuryi
[Shona, see Chishona]
Shuri (Okinawa Japan) Ukimi soo chii
Silozi (Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana) Mu lumele
Silozi (Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana) [formal] Mu lumele shangwe
Silozi (Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana) Mu zuhile
Silozi (Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana) Mu zuhile cwani
Slovak (Slovakia) Dobré ráno
Slovenian (Slovenia) Dobro jutro
Somali (Somalia, Ethiopia) Subax wanaagsan
Sorbian [Upper Sorbian] (eastern Germany) Dobre ranje
Sorbian [Upper Sorbian] (e. Germany)[answer] Dobre spodobanje
Sorbian [Lower Sorbian] (eastern Germany) Dobre zajts'o
Spanish (America, Spain) Buenos días
Sranan (Suriname) Gu morgu
Sûdovian (Baltic reigon) Kailas anksteinai
Sundanese (Indonesia) Wilujeng enjing
Susu (Guinea) Tena mari
Swedish (Sweden, Finland) [formal] God morgon
Tagalog (Philippines) Magandang umaga
Tagalog (Philippines) Magandang umaga po
Tagalog (Philippiens) [at noon] Magandang tanghali
Tagalog (Philippines) [at noon] Magandang tanghali po
Tamil (Tamil Nadu India) Vanakkam
Tatar (Russia, China) Kheerle irte
Tatar (Russia, China) Xeyirli irte
Telugu (India) Suprabhaatam
Telugu (India) Shobhodayam
Tetum (East Timor) Dadeer kmanek
Tetum (East Timor) Dader diak
[Teuso, see Icetot]
Thai (Thailand) Sawatdi torn chao
Tibetan (China, Nepal, India) Nga-to delek
Tigrinya (Ethiopia) [to man] Dehan haderka
Tigrinya (Ethiopia) [to woman] Dehan haderki
Tlingit (Canada, USA) Juk'e-ri-tsu-tat
Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea) Moning
Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea) Monin
Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea) Monin tru
Tongan (Tonga, Pacific Islands) [daylight] Malo e tau ma'u 'a e 'aho' ni
Tongan (Tonga, Pacific Islands) [morning] Malo tau ma'u e pongipongi ni
Tongan (Tonga, Pacific Islands) [morning] Malo e tau lava ki he pongipongi' ni
Trobes Tokples (Trobriand Papua New Guinea) Bwena kau kwau
Tsonga (South Africa) Avusheni
Turkish (Turkey, Northern Cyprus) Günaydin
Turkmen (Turkmenistan) Ertiriniz hajïrlï bolsun
Udmurt (Russia) Ziech chuknaen
Ukrainian (Ukraine) Dobri ranok
Ukrainian (Ukraine) Dobroho ranki
Unagan (Alaska, Russia) [morning] Qilachxizax
Ute (Colorado and Utah USA) Ati'wichgusak
Uvean (Wallis and Futuna) Malo te ma'uli
Valencian (Spain) Bon dia
Venda (South Africa) Ndi matsheloni
Veps (western Russia) Hüväd homendest
Vietnamese (Vietnam) Chào buổi sáng
Visayan (Philippines) Maayong buntang
Visayan (Philippines) [noon] Maayong udto
Võru (Võrumaa Estonia) Tereq hummogust
Võru (Võrumaa Estonia) Tereh hummogust
Votic (Russia) Üvä oomni
Waali (Northwestern Ghana) Ansomaa
Welsh (Wales) Bore da
Wolof (West Africa) Jama nga fanaan
Wolof (West Africa) Yamanga fanin
Wolof (West Africa) Naka subaci
Xhosa (South Africa) Bhota
Yacouba (Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia) [man] Unzhu babo
Yacouba (Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia) [woman] Na babo
Yao (Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique) Subayeedi
Yao (Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique) Kuceele
Yiddish (Russia, USA) Ah gut morgen
Yitchogo (Gabon) [to a woman] Yi maram bouga
Yoruba (West Africa) [honorific] E káàrò
Yoruba (West Africa) [non-honorific] O káàrò
Yoruba (West Africa) [same age or younger] Ku aro
Yoruba (West Africa) [to older person] E ku aro
Zapotec (Villa Alta Mexico) Padiull
Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) Padiox
Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) Padioxei
Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) [old] Sha'oza zil
Zapotec (Yulalag Mexico) Padiuzhe
Zarma (Niger, Nigeria, Burkina Faso) Matinkeni
Zjerma (Niger) Aran kani baani
Zulu (Southern Africa) Umhlala gahle